Investment in a home is often the largest investment a consumer will ever make, so any measures to reduce the risk deserve careful attention. The big risk is that a major house price decline will wipe out the owners’ equity, leaving them owing more than their house is worth. That happened just a few years ago, and millions of homeowners are still under water.
I decided a long time ago that the best way to prevent a recurrence of that episode was to offer home buyers property value insurance, and I spent some time advising a well-connected group of entrepreneurs on a program that would do that. After several years of effort, however, the program was scrapped. Various legal and operating barriers turned out to be just too formidable.
Recently, however, I came across a new program called +Plus offered by the Dallas-based firm ValueInsured with which I have no connection. The +Plus program offers to insure the down payment of homebuyers when they sell their homes after 2 but before 7 years from the date of purchase. That won’t help homeowners who are still under water, but it is designed to protect new homeowners who purchase the insurance when they purchase their home.
Down payment insurance is a far cry from property value insurance, but down payment insurance is available while property value insurance isn’t. Some protection is better than none, and home buyers will have to decide whether the limited protection is worth the price.
The following are the major limitations on the insurance coverage:
Limited Calendar Window: As noted, to collect the insurance the owner has to sell the home within the 2 to 7-year window. The program seems to be aimed at those buying their first home who view it as a “starter,” and expect to upgrade in time.
20% Down Payment Is Maximum Loss: Coverage is limited to the down payment which cannot exceed 20% of the purchase price. If you put down 25%, the additional 5% is not covered.
Difference Between Purchase Price and Sale Price is the Maximum Loss: This means that property improvements are not covered: For example, the purchase price is $100,000, down payment is $20,000, the owner invests $5,000 in improvements, and the house is sold for $85,000. The insurance coverage in this case is the purchase price reduction of $15,000 rather than the down payment of $20,000.
Purchase Price Times the Percent Reduction in the House Price Index of the State Is the Maximum Loss: If in the case of a house purchased for $100,000 with 20% down the price index for the state declined by only 10%, the insurance coverage would fall to $10,000. This means that coverage is limited to price declines that are widespread. A price decline that is limited to a city isn’t covered unless it is the major city in the state. Price declines that arise from neighborhood or block deterioration would not be reflected in state price indices, and are therefore not covered.
Premiums vary by state, sale price and down payment. On a $200,000 home with 10% down in an average state, the premium would be about $840. That one-time premium is 4.2% of the maximum possible claim of $20,000,
Home buyers have to decide whether the protection is worth the premium charged. If they have to pay in cash at the closing table, my guess is that few will. If lenders package the insurance with a lender rebate that covers all or most of the cost combined with a rate increase large enough to offset the rebate, the prospects are better.
The writer is Professor of Finance Emeritus at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. Comments and questions can be left at www.mtgprofessor.com.
